Tonight I tried to copy sth from my friends’ computer. It took more than two hours and still not finished:(
成语(set phrase)是习惯用语(idiomatic phrases)的一种,是人们在长期实践和使用过程中提炼出的语言结晶,也是修辞手段的集中体现。成语一般来自于古代经典、著名著作、历史故事、民间传说等,具有通常都具有鲜明的形象和浓厚的民族色彩特征。
由于人类生活的世界、人类的思维和情感有共通之处,因此,各种文化和语言也表现出一定的相融性和共同点。英语和汉语中的成语有些在语言形式和比喻形象方面十分相似,几乎可以完全一一对译,例如:
一箭双雕 to kill two birds with one stone
趁热打铁 to strike while the iron is hot
火上加油 to pour oil on the flame
晴天霹雳 like a bolt from the blue
浑水摸鱼 to fish in the troubled water
轻如鸿毛 as light as a feather
空中楼阁 castle in the air
破釜沉舟 to burn the boat
如履薄冰 to be on the thin ice
然而,英汉民族毕竟在地理环境、生活习俗、宗教信仰等方面存在相当的差异,所以,成语的产生和使用在两种文化中表现出各自不同的特色。例如,有些成语意思相近,但是使用的比喻形象有差别:
守口如瓶 as dumb as an oyster; as silent as the graves; as close as wax
一贫如洗 as poor as a Church mouse
健壮如牛 as strong as a horse
血流如注 to bleed like a pig
to wake a sleeping dog 打草惊蛇
to cast pearls before swine 对牛弹琴
to paint the lily 画蛇添足
to help a lame dog over a stile 雪中送炭
as easy as falling off a log 易如反掌
有些成语由于不同文化背景的缘故,无法通过字面的意思来理解其中的比喻意思,例如:
in a pig’s whisper 低声地;顷刻间
hang on somebody’s sleeve 依赖某人
to be full of beans 精神旺盛
to get cold feet 感到怀疑、害怕或胆怯
a skeleton at the feast 扫兴的人或东西
粗枝大叶 to be crude and careless
扬眉吐气 to feel proud and elated
无孔不入 to take advantage of every weakness
大张旗鼓 on a large and spectacular scale
风雨飘摇 (of a situation)being unstable
此外,英语和汉语中都有一部分成语源于各自的寓言或历史典故,包含特定的人名和地名。这类成语如果按照字面直译,译语读者通常无法理解。如果加上许多解释,又失去了成语的精练特色,所以成为翻译中的难题,例如:
毛遂自荐 to volunteer one’s service (毛遂——战国时期人名)
初出茅庐 at the beginning of one’s career (出自《三国演义》的典故)
东施效颦 crude imitation with ludicrous effect (东施——古代一丑女的名字)
insipid: food or drink that is insipid does not have much taste
inspect: to examine sth carfully in order to find out more about it or that it is not satisfactory
shlter: a place to live, considered as one of the basic needs of life
Stout: fairly fat and heavy or having a thick body
terror: fear: a feeling of extreme fear
标签: 寓言故事的成语